Science: Study for tomorrow's test on Ecosystems. Use the links posted previously this week to prepare. The assignments you did in class today are not homework. You can work on these after the test tomorrow.
Links for Science:
Biomolecules (Amoeba Sisters)
Biological Molecules: You Are What You Eat
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd- thatquiz
4th & 5th- IXL AA.6
ELA: Revise your argumentative essay based on the coaching I did today in class. We will continue to revise tomorrow and possibly into next week. The due date is Monday, but I'll push it back if you need further coaching on how to revise.
Thursday, January 31, 2019
Tuesday, January 29, 2019
Wednesday, January 30, 2019
Social Studies: Go to the link and read about Lincoln's assassination.
Math: 1st & 2nd - finish classwork worksheet
3rd - finish thatquiz
4th & 5th- IXL AA.5
https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/abraham-lincoln-assassination
Science: Study for Friday's test on Ecosystems. Use the links below to help you prepare.
Ecosystems Test Review Sheet
Sample Questions
Ecological Relationships
Ecosystem Terms
Energy Roles
Food Webs and Food Chains
Energy Pyramids
Limiting Factors
Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Cycles
Amoeba Sisters - Carbon & Oxygen Cycles
Carbon Cycle - Video 1
Carbon Cycle - Video 2
Nitrogen Cycle - Video 1
Nitrogen Cycle - Video 2
Nitrogen Cycle Summary
Science: Study for Friday's test on Ecosystems. Use the links below to help you prepare.
Ecosystems Test Review Sheet
Sample Questions
Ecological Relationships
Ecosystem Terms
Energy Roles
Food Webs and Food Chains
Energy Pyramids
Limiting Factors
Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Cycles
Amoeba Sisters - Carbon & Oxygen Cycles
Carbon Cycle - Video 1
Carbon Cycle - Video 2
Nitrogen Cycle - Video 1
Nitrogen Cycle - Video 2
Nitrogen Cycle Summary
Math: 1st & 2nd - finish classwork worksheet
3rd - finish thatquiz
4th & 5th- IXL AA.5
Tuesday, January 29, 2019
Science Links:
Amoeba Sisters - Carbon & Oxygen Cycles
Carbon Cycle - Video 1
Carbon Cycle - Video 2
Nitrogen Cycle - Video 1
Nitrogen Cycle - Video 2
Nitrogen Cycle Summary
Science: Finish the Webquest and Amoeba Sisters assignments if you did not finish during class. View all the links posted today if you did not finish during class. Study for the Ecosystems Test on Friday. Use the links posted last week to help you prepare.
Social Studies: Get organized for your test on Friday. Answer the following 3 questions about the Gettysburg Address using complete sentences:
1. What is the main message of the Address?
2. Why does Lincoln refer to the Founding Fathers?
3. Why do you believe that this speech is considered to be one of the most important in American history?
Math: 1st, 2nd: finish google classroom and thatquiz
3rd: finish google classroom
4th & 5th- #1-10 from class practice sheet
Amoeba Sisters - Carbon & Oxygen Cycles
Carbon Cycle - Video 1
Carbon Cycle - Video 2
Nitrogen Cycle - Video 1
Nitrogen Cycle - Video 2
Nitrogen Cycle Summary
Science: Finish the Webquest and Amoeba Sisters assignments if you did not finish during class. View all the links posted today if you did not finish during class. Study for the Ecosystems Test on Friday. Use the links posted last week to help you prepare.
Social Studies: Get organized for your test on Friday. Answer the following 3 questions about the Gettysburg Address using complete sentences:
1. What is the main message of the Address?
2. Why does Lincoln refer to the Founding Fathers?
3. Why do you believe that this speech is considered to be one of the most important in American history?
Math: 1st, 2nd: finish google classroom and thatquiz
3rd: finish google classroom
4th & 5th- #1-10 from class practice sheet
Monday, January 28, 2019
Monday, January 28, 2019
Links for Science WebQuest:
Part 1: Nitrogen Cycle
Part 2: Carbon Cycle
Part 3: Carbon & Oxygen Cycles (p. 50-51) and Nitrogen Cycle (p.52-53)
Review games/links (if you finish the WebQuest early)
Carbon Cycle Game
Food Fight Ecogame
Energy Pyramid Practice
Social Studies: Test on the Civil War unit this Friday. This will be an open note test. Review the materials:
Unit Vocabulary
14.4 Close Reading
Causes of the Civil War graphic organizer
Ch. 15 notes
Comedy of Secession
Music of the Civil War annotation/seminar
Seminar reflections (3)
Emancipation Proclamation/perspectives
Gettysburg Address
The Address
Annotate the Gettysburg Address tonight!
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - IXL AA.2 (work for 20 minutes or until equations are no longer y= or x=)
4th & 5th - IXL AA.4 and AA.6 ( 15 minutes each or smartscore at or above 85)
ELA: Argumentative essay due Monday, 2/4. You should have your rough draft done by Wednesday so we can revise in class Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. If you're not done with your final draft by Friday in class, you'll have to work on it over the weekend.
Part 1: Nitrogen Cycle
Part 2: Carbon Cycle
Part 3: Carbon & Oxygen Cycles (p. 50-51) and Nitrogen Cycle (p.52-53)
Review games/links (if you finish the WebQuest early)
Carbon Cycle Game
Food Fight Ecogame
Energy Pyramid Practice
Social Studies: Test on the Civil War unit this Friday. This will be an open note test. Review the materials:
Unit Vocabulary
14.4 Close Reading
Causes of the Civil War graphic organizer
Ch. 15 notes
Comedy of Secession
Music of the Civil War annotation/seminar
Seminar reflections (3)
Emancipation Proclamation/perspectives
Gettysburg Address
The Address
Annotate the Gettysburg Address tonight!
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - IXL AA.2 (work for 20 minutes or until equations are no longer y= or x=)
4th & 5th - IXL AA.4 and AA.6 ( 15 minutes each or smartscore at or above 85)
ELA: Argumentative essay due Monday, 2/4. You should have your rough draft done by Wednesday so we can revise in class Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. If you're not done with your final draft by Friday in class, you'll have to work on it over the weekend.
Friday, January 25, 2019
Friday, January 25, 2019
ELA: (1) Logical fallacy project due Monday. You've been given time every class period since it was assigned to work on it. If you're not finished, you'll need to complete it over the weekend. (2) Argumentative essay due Monday, 2/4. You've been given time most class periods to work on it, and you may have more opportunities, but you shouldn't count on them. If you don't have your graphic organizer fully filled out, you probably need to do some work at home.
Science: Finish the story about your nitrogen cycle journey if you did not finish during class. Use the writing prompts on the back of your passport as you write. STUDY - Ecosystems Test on Friday, February 1. Use the links below to review and prepare.
Ecosystems Test Review Sheet
Sample Questions
Ecological Relationships
Ecosystem Terms
Energy Roles
Food Webs and Food Chains
Energy Pyramids
Limiting Factors
Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Cycles
Science: Finish the story about your nitrogen cycle journey if you did not finish during class. Use the writing prompts on the back of your passport as you write. STUDY - Ecosystems Test on Friday, February 1. Use the links below to review and prepare.
Ecosystems Test Review Sheet
Sample Questions
Ecological Relationships
Ecosystem Terms
Energy Roles
Food Webs and Food Chains
Energy Pyramids
Limiting Factors
Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Cycles
Thursday, January 24, 2019
3rd Quarter Extra Credit Opportunity (Nease)
Watch the movie Glory. Write a 1 page, double spaced, size 12 font paper on ONE of the following topics:
The History of the Massachusetts 54th
A Critique of the Movie: Cinematography, Acting, Sound, Story Flow
The Legacy of African American service during the Civil War
Due by MARCH 5th!
The History of the Massachusetts 54th
A Critique of the Movie: Cinematography, Acting, Sound, Story Flow
The Legacy of African American service during the Civil War
Due by MARCH 5th!
Thursday, January 24,2019
Links for Science:
Ecological Relationships - Amoeba Sisters
Symbiosis - Study Jams
Surprising Symbiosis
Quizizz Codes:
- Symbiosis: 223980
- Ecosystems: 214131
- Food Chains & Webs: 231299
Science homework: Finish the Amoeba Sisters video and handout if you did not finish during class. Yes, you need to complete both sides. Study! Ecosystems Test on Friday, Feb. 1.
Social Studies: Read the notes on the 15.4 powerpoint (found on google classroom). Type or write a 1 paragraph summary about the content. Remember that a paragraph is 5 to 7 complete sentences. No exceptions!
Math: 4th & 5th periods: Polynomial Project due tomorrow
Ecological Relationships - Amoeba Sisters
Symbiosis - Study Jams
Surprising Symbiosis
Quizizz Codes:
- Symbiosis: 223980
- Ecosystems: 214131
- Food Chains & Webs: 231299
Science homework: Finish the Amoeba Sisters video and handout if you did not finish during class. Yes, you need to complete both sides. Study! Ecosystems Test on Friday, Feb. 1.
Social Studies: Read the notes on the 15.4 powerpoint (found on google classroom). Type or write a 1 paragraph summary about the content. Remember that a paragraph is 5 to 7 complete sentences. No exceptions!
Math: 4th & 5th periods: Polynomial Project due tomorrow
Wednesday, January 23, 2019
Wednesday, January 23, 2019
Social Studies: Flocabulary due tomorrow for Period 4 and 5. Interpret the words of the Emancipation Proclamation (WS). Do not do the Character Sheet on the back.
Science: Finish the summary at the bottom of today's notes. Write a summary paragraph describing the interactions among living things. Use terms from the chart in your summary. Study for your Ecosystems Test on February 1.
Ecological Relationships Notes
2nd period - "Name the Animal" quiz tomorrow. Be prepared!
Science: Finish the summary at the bottom of today's notes. Write a summary paragraph describing the interactions among living things. Use terms from the chart in your summary. Study for your Ecosystems Test on February 1.
Ecological Relationships Notes
2nd period - "Name the Animal" quiz tomorrow. Be prepared!
Tuesday, January 22, 2019
Tuesday, January 22, 2019
Science: Finish your food web project if you did not turn it in today. Ecosystems Test on Friday, February 1. Use the links below to practice using energy pyramids:
Energy Pyramid practice
Energy Pyramid vocabulary
Ecosystems and Food Webs Quizlet list
Social Studies: All classes write a 1 Paragraph Reflection on the following question from seminar: How can music both unite and divide people? Explain.
Period 4 and 5: Complete the Civil War Flocabulary assignment. It is due on Thursday.
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - test tomorrow on writing equations (study review sheet, IXL y.7, y.8, y.9, y.10
4th & 5th - finish word problems worksheet
Energy Pyramid practice
Energy Pyramid vocabulary
Ecosystems and Food Webs Quizlet list
Social Studies: All classes write a 1 Paragraph Reflection on the following question from seminar: How can music both unite and divide people? Explain.
Period 4 and 5: Complete the Civil War Flocabulary assignment. It is due on Thursday.
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - test tomorrow on writing equations (study review sheet, IXL y.7, y.8, y.9, y.10
4th & 5th - finish word problems worksheet
Friday, January 18, 2019
Friday January 18, 2019
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - Review Sheet due Tues Jan 22, Test Wed Jan 23rd
4th & 5th - Z.10 (85/above or 20 min); Polynomial Project Step 3 due Tues Jan 22
Science: Finish your food web project. Completed projects are due on Tuesday, January 22. Follow directions and use the rubric as you work.
4th & 5th - Z.10 (85/above or 20 min); Polynomial Project Step 3 due Tues Jan 22
Science: Finish your food web project. Completed projects are due on Tuesday, January 22. Follow directions and use the rubric as you work.
Thursday, January 17, 2019
Thursday, January 17, 2019
Social Studies: Listen to the 3 Civil War Era songs and annotate the lyrics as you listen. Seminar tomorrow for 1st, and 3rd periods only. 4th and 5th period have no homework tonight!
Science: Work on your food web project. Completed projects are due on Tuesday, January 22. Follow directions and use the rubric as you work.
Math: 1st, 2nd, 3rd - Make sure IXL Y.10 is completed; Finish classwork in google classroom; Review sheet due Tues Jan 22nd; Test on writing equations Wed Jan 23rd
4th & 5th - IXL Z.8 & Z.9 (30 minutes combined or 90 on each)
Polynomial Project Step 3 due Tues Jan 22
Science: Work on your food web project. Completed projects are due on Tuesday, January 22. Follow directions and use the rubric as you work.
Math: 1st, 2nd, 3rd - Make sure IXL Y.10 is completed; Finish classwork in google classroom; Review sheet due Tues Jan 22nd; Test on writing equations Wed Jan 23rd
4th & 5th - IXL Z.8 & Z.9 (30 minutes combined or 90 on each)
Polynomial Project Step 3 due Tues Jan 22
Board Game Project due in two weeks.
Board Game Project
- Group size will be from 1-4. Each person will have a task if they are in a group.
- You will come up with a board game that is subject based and relates to the real world.
- Your board will be colorful and neat.
- You will have at least 15 questions/answers (that aren’t yes or no) that relate to your game.
- You will have directions for your game.
- You will have game pieces.
- Everyone in your group will have to give an oral presentation.
- Your board game will parallel a subject you are taking in school. It doesn’t have to be a core subject. It will look as if you gave two weeks of effort.
- Your board game can be on cardboard, poster board, or on something you deem appropriate.
- Your group creates a draft of the board, prior to creating the real board, and plan, so each group member is involved with the project.
End of Year Project
End of Year Passion Project
Who are you
Driving Question: Who do you think you are as an 8th grader? Who do you wish to become?
What the students will learn: The students are going to learn about themselves. They are going to learn about their strengths and weaknesses. They are going to learn what they need to do if they choose to go to college or the workplace.
Welcome to your end of year Passion Project. This project culminates what I’ve been trying to teach throughout the year: Who Are You? I hope with this project that I add another little twist: Who Do You Want To Become?
Step 1: Come up with ten open ended questions. You will need to record yourself and answer the questions as an 8th grader. You will ask the same questions, but you will record yourself answering them as a 34 year old.
Step 2: I want you to choose a college that you may want to attend. You will get a copy of their application and fill it out. You do not need your transcript or your social security number, but if they ask for a teacher reference, you will need to find a teacher(s) to fill them out. You will also need to fill out the essay question. You will not send the application to the school, this will be turned in to me.
Step 3: You will need to decide a possible career you are interested in pursuing and interview someone in that field. You will need 10 open ended questions to ask this person and it will need to be recorded.
Step 4: You will need to create something. You will need to find your talent today, and display it. You can draw an art piece, you can tape yourself playing an instrument, you can video yourself speaking another language, you can cook a specialty, you can create an experiment, you can solve difficult math problems, etc. This talent doesn’t have to be school related, but it can be.
Step 5: You will need to write a one page reflection on this project that will be printed off. What did you learn? What was important? What wasn’t important? What could have been done differently? What might you use in your life? Etc.
Step 6: This project will be presented to parents on 5/10/19 from 12:30-1:30.
Wednesday, January 16, 2019
Wednesday, January 16, 2019
ELA: (1) Work on logical fallacy project--due 1/28. (2) Begin to fill in the argumentative essay graphic organizer. Right now, all you need is your claim and your reasons. As always, instructions for both assignments were given in class and are posted on Google Classroom.
Social Studies: Quiz tomorrow. Study your notes and vocabulary. The quiz is not open note!
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - IXL Y.10 (smart score 85 or 20 min)
Science: Work on your food web project. Completed projects are due on Tuesday, January 22. Follow directions and use the rubric as you work.
Social Studies: Quiz tomorrow. Study your notes and vocabulary. The quiz is not open note!
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - IXL Y.10 (smart score 85 or 20 min)
Science: Work on your food web project. Completed projects are due on Tuesday, January 22. Follow directions and use the rubric as you work.
Tuesday, January 15, 2019
Tuesday, January 15, 2019
Social Studies: Quiz on Thursday. Study your notes and vocabulary.
Science: Finish the draft of your food web project if you did not finish during class today or Monday. You will work on the project in class on Wednesday and Thursday. Completed projects are due on Tuesday, January 22. Follow directions
Science: Finish the draft of your food web project if you did not finish during class today or Monday. You will work on the project in class on Wednesday and Thursday. Completed projects are due on Tuesday, January 22. Follow directions
Monday, January 14, 2019
Monday, January 14, 2019
Science: Finish the draft of your Food Web project. Complete steps 1-4 on the instructions page. Create the draft of your food web to show feeding relationships. You can use words on your draft, but the finished project must include pictures.
Social Studies: Read America Ch. 15 section 2 and take notes. Quiz on notes and vocab this Wednesday.
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd finish classwork in google classroom
4th & 5th - steps 1 & 2 of polynomial project due tomorrow (tasks 1-8)
Social Studies: Read America Ch. 15 section 2 and take notes. Quiz on notes and vocab this Wednesday.
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd finish classwork in google classroom
4th & 5th - steps 1 & 2 of polynomial project due tomorrow (tasks 1-8)
Friday, January 11, 2019
Friday, January 11, 2019
ELA: (1) Finish reading and highlighting the Awesome Ocean article. See assignment on Google Classroom. (2) Work on logical fallacy project. Due 1/28.
Thursday, January 10, 2019
Thursday, January 10, 2019
Links for Science:
Animal Diet game
Food Chain game
Build a Food Web
Food Chains - quiz yourself
Marine Food Web game
Quizizz practice quizzes - Use these codes to review the topics below:
- Food Chains & Food Webs - 162363
- Food Chains - Food Webs - 489170
- Ecosystems Vocab - 138755
Science: STUDY your notes on ecosystems, limiting factors, energy roles, and food webs (pages 1-6 in your science binder).
Social Studies: Study your notes and vocabulary on the Civil War unit. Comedy of Secession performed tomorrow.
ELA: (1) Finish reading "Over 30 Years & 3 Deaths: Tilikum's Tragic Story." Highlight words or phrases that show bias or demonstrate the "appeal to emotion" logical fallacy. You received a hard copy of this article in class. A digital copy is on Google Classroom. (2) Work on your logical fallacy project. Due 1/28.
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - IXL Y.9 (85 smart score or 20 minutes)
4th & 5th - 1/3 sheet adding and subtracting polynomials
Math classroom supplies are running low. Donations of glue sticks and dry erase markers would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.
Animal Diet game
Food Chain game
Build a Food Web
Food Chains - quiz yourself
Marine Food Web game
Quizizz practice quizzes - Use these codes to review the topics below:
- Food Chains & Food Webs - 162363
- Food Chains - Food Webs - 489170
- Ecosystems Vocab - 138755
Science: STUDY your notes on ecosystems, limiting factors, energy roles, and food webs (pages 1-6 in your science binder).
Social Studies: Study your notes and vocabulary on the Civil War unit. Comedy of Secession performed tomorrow.
ELA: (1) Finish reading "Over 30 Years & 3 Deaths: Tilikum's Tragic Story." Highlight words or phrases that show bias or demonstrate the "appeal to emotion" logical fallacy. You received a hard copy of this article in class. A digital copy is on Google Classroom. (2) Work on your logical fallacy project. Due 1/28.
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - IXL Y.9 (85 smart score or 20 minutes)
4th & 5th - 1/3 sheet adding and subtracting polynomials
Math classroom supplies are running low. Donations of glue sticks and dry erase markers would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.
Wednesday, January 9, 2019
Wednesday, January 8, 2019
Science: Finish the "Food Chains + Webs: What's for Dinner?" packet if you did not finish during class. Use the links below to practice building food chains and food webs. STUDY your notes on ecosystem terms, limiting factors, and energy roles.
Links for Science:
Animal Diet game
Food Chain game
Build a Food Web
Food Chains - quiz yourself
Marine Food Web game
ELA: 1. Finish reading CNN article, and complete Google Form. 2. Work on logical fallacy project. Due 1/28. (See Google Classroom for both.)
Social Studies: Complete the reading and note taking in America Ch. 15, section 1. Study your new unit vocabulary.
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - Finish classwork (writing equations from tables); make sure you've completed IXL y.7, y.8 (85 or better or 20 min)
4th & 5th - 1/2 sheet
Links for Science:
Animal Diet game
Food Chain game
Build a Food Web
Food Chains - quiz yourself
Marine Food Web game
ELA: 1. Finish reading CNN article, and complete Google Form. 2. Work on logical fallacy project. Due 1/28. (See Google Classroom for both.)
Social Studies: Complete the reading and note taking in America Ch. 15, section 1. Study your new unit vocabulary.
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - Finish classwork (writing equations from tables); make sure you've completed IXL y.7, y.8 (85 or better or 20 min)
4th & 5th - 1/2 sheet
Tuesday, January 8, 2019
Tuesday, January 8, 2019
Links for Science:
Energy Flow in Ecosystems (Section 2.1 from green books)
Energy Roles - definitions
Energy Roles - definitions / explanations
Energy Roles - forest examples
Scavengers
Review animation / game
Science: Finish the Energy Roles handout if you did not finish during class today. Finish the Flocabulary (Ecosystems topic) assignments if you did not finish during class. Practice the dance moves and energy roles "song" you learned in class today. Study your notes on ecosystems, limiting factors, and energy roles (pages 1-4 in your science binder).
Social Studies: Define your new unit vocabulary: Civil War. (Make flashcards or use quizlet)
border state
neutral
martial law
blockade
casualty
emancipate
habeas corpus
draft
income tax
inflation
seige
total war
ironclad
secession
supply/demand
ELA: Work on logical fallacy project. Due 1/28/19.
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - IXL Y.8 (85 or above with smart score OR 20 minutes)
4th & 5th - IXL 8th grade section F.14, F.15, F.16, F.19, F.21 (90 or above with smart score)
Energy Flow in Ecosystems (Section 2.1 from green books)
Energy Roles - definitions
Energy Roles - definitions / explanations
Energy Roles - forest examples
Scavengers
Review animation / game
Science: Finish the Energy Roles handout if you did not finish during class today. Finish the Flocabulary (Ecosystems topic) assignments if you did not finish during class. Practice the dance moves and energy roles "song" you learned in class today. Study your notes on ecosystems, limiting factors, and energy roles (pages 1-4 in your science binder).
Social Studies: Define your new unit vocabulary: Civil War. (Make flashcards or use quizlet)
border state
neutral
martial law
blockade
casualty
emancipate
habeas corpus
draft
income tax
inflation
seige
total war
ironclad
secession
supply/demand
ELA: Work on logical fallacy project. Due 1/28/19.
Math: 1st, 2nd & 3rd - IXL Y.8 (85 or above with smart score OR 20 minutes)
4th & 5th - IXL 8th grade section F.14, F.15, F.16, F.19, F.21 (90 or above with smart score)
Monday, January 7, 2019
Monday January 7, 2019
Math - 1st, 2nd & 3rd - Finish classwork worksheet
4th & 5th-IXL F.14, F.15, F.16 (smart score of 90 or above for each)
Science:
1- Finish the Limiting Factors assignment from class today if you did not finish. Review your notes on limiting factors.
2 - Finish any incomplete assignments: Ecosystems Diagram (due before winter break), Oh Reindeer Lab (due before winter break), and the Limiting Factors articles/questions (assigned today).
Social Studies: All classes need to finish reading America 14.4. Read John Brown's words at trial and annotate as you go using the three codes provided: IMP, INT, CON.
4th & 5th-IXL F.14, F.15, F.16 (smart score of 90 or above for each)
Science:
1- Finish the Limiting Factors assignment from class today if you did not finish. Review your notes on limiting factors.
2 - Finish any incomplete assignments: Ecosystems Diagram (due before winter break), Oh Reindeer Lab (due before winter break), and the Limiting Factors articles/questions (assigned today).
Social Studies: All classes need to finish reading America 14.4. Read John Brown's words at trial and annotate as you go using the three codes provided: IMP, INT, CON.
Choose 3 Debating Topics
You will need to choose 3 possible debating topics of interest by Wednesday, January 9th.
Debate
You will being having a debate on 1/14 (next Monday). You will need to research 7 facts that support your argument and 5 facts that support your opponents argument. You will need to give an introduction to your argument, debate your argument, and conclude as to why you had the stronger argument.
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